Adding suffixes: ed ing s

When adding an ed or ing ending to a short-vowel word, we must double the final consonant to preserve the short vowel sound. For hop, we add another p plus the ed and get hopped. (Otherwise, we would get hoped |hōpt|, which is not the word we want). Similarly, for adding ing, we double the final consonant and get hopping.

When ed says |әd|

I & II NEW CONCEPT. Introduce the process of adding the ed ending and doubling the final consonant for short-vowel words like bat. In words ending with the |d| or |t| sound, the ed is pronounced as its own syllable |əd| or |ĕd|:
batted, pronounced |bă|–|təd|. We maintain the short-vowel sound in the root word by doubling the final consonant before adding ed: kid → kidded.

INTRODUCE the process of doubling the final consonant in short-vowel root words before adding ing, as in batting.

INTRODUCE the practice of adding s to a short-vowel word or syllable (like bat). When adding s, there is no need to double the final consonant (bats not batts).

When ed says |d|

III & IV INTRODUCE adding the ed ending to short-vowel words like drum. To preserve the short-vowel sound, we must double the final voiced consonant m, and then add ed. Drummed is pronounced as a single syllable |drŭmd|.

LEARN the ing and s endings. Double the final consonant when adding –ing, as in drumming. We do not double the final consonant, however, when all we are doing is adding s (drums not drumms).

When ed says |t|

V & VI LEARN the ed ending that is pronounced |t|. To preserve the short-vowel sound in a word like snap, we must double the final consonant. The addition of ed in its |t| form does not add another syllable to the word—snapped is pronounced |snăpt|.

LEARN the –ing and s endings. We must double the final consonant of a short-vowel word when adding ing: snap → snapping. This doubling will preserve the word’s short-vowel sound. When adding s, it is not necessary to double the final consonant—snap becomes snaps, not snapps.